|
|
Space launch vehicles
Russian operational and planned launch vehicles as of 2018.
Russian launch vehicle development strategy during the 2010s and 2020s
Overview
of Russia's space launcher fleet (alphabetical):
| Amur-5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
A proposal |
| Amur-SPG (IC) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKTs Progress |
Project during the 2020s |
| Angara-1 |
14A125 |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Angara-1.2 |
14A127 |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Angara (GK) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
- |
| Angara-3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
TKS
follow-on |
| Angara-5M |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Angara-5P |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
TKS
follow-on |
| Angara-5/UKVB |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Angara-5/KVTK |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Angara-5V |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
Lunar Soyuz or PTK NP |
| Angara-7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
LOS |
| Angara-100 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Avrora
(see R-7) |
- |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
RKK
Energia |
Soyuz-2 |
| Baikal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Berkut |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
1990s
project of a light-weight launcher (2.4 tons to LEO) |
| Bulat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
1990s
project of a light-weight launcher |
| Burlak |
- |
- |
- |
- |
MKB
Raduga |
Air-launched
vehicle (1.1 tons to LEO) |
| Kosmos
(see R-12, R-14) |
63S1 |
R-12 |
SL-7 |
B-1 |
OKB-586 |
DS |
| Dnepr |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
Small
commercial satellites |
| Diana |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Dvina |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Edinstvo |
ULA-42 |
- |
- |
- |
GRTs
KB Makeeva |
5 tons
to LEO |
| Energia |
11K25 |
- |
SL-17/18 |
K/L |
NPO
Energia |
Polyus,
Buran, 166GK |
| Energia-2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
- |
| Energia-3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
- |
| Energia-5K |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia |
Proposed circa 2013 to launch PTK NP spacecraft |
| Energia-5KV |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia |
Proposed circa 2014 to launch PTK NP spacecraft |
| Energia-5V/VR |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia |
Proposed circa 2016 to launch PTK NP spacecraft |
| Energia-M |
Neitron |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
- |
| Energia-K (KV, KVT) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKK
Energia |
A proposal circa 2010 |
| Faeton-2/2T |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
1990s
project of Russian-produced Zenit with 2-6 solid-fuel strap-ons. |
| Fregat
complex (see Grom) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
1990s
project of An-225-launched Grom vehicle; |
| Grom |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
1990s
project of An-225-launched vehicle for Fregat complex; |
| Groza |
RLA-125 |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
- |
| Ishim |
- |
- |
- |
- |
MIT |
MIG-31-based
launcher |
| Kaskad |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KGNPTs Khrunichev |
PTK NP (A proposal circa 2013) |
| Kompas |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
- |
| Kvant |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
- |
| Luna
(see R-7A) |
8K72 |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
E, Vostok |
| Mayak |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB Yuzhnoe |
- |
| Molniya
(see R-7A) |
8K78 |
R-7A |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
Molniya,
Mars/Venera, Prognoz, Zond 1-3 |
| N1/L3 |
11A52 |
- |
SL-15 |
G |
TsKBM |
L-3 |
| Neitron
(see Energia-M) |
Neitron |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
- |
| Neva |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
5 tons
to LEO |
| Priboy |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
Sea-launched;
2.4 tons to LEO |
| Prizyv
(see UR-100) |
15A35 |
|
- |
- |
NPO
Mash |
SLA
rescue craft |
| Proton-Light |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Proton-Medium |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| Proton-M-Plus |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
- |
| R-3 |
- |
|
- |
- |
OKB-1 |
Project |
| R-7A/Sputnik |
8K71PS |
|
SL-1 |
- |
OKB-1 |
Sputnik-1 |
| R-7A/Luna/Vostok |
8K72 |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
E, Vostok |
| R-7A/Vostok-2 |
8K72V |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
- |
| R-7A/Vostok-2M |
8K72V1 |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
Elektron,
Meteor |
| R-7A/Vostok-2M |
8K72V3 |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
Elektron,
Meteor |
| R-7A/Vostok-2M |
8K72D |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
Elektron,
Meteor |
| R-7A/Vostok-2M |
8K72-2D |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
Elektron,
Meteor |
| R-7A/ |
8A92 |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
Zenit-2 |
| R-7A/ |
8A92V3 |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
Zenit-2 |
| R-7A/ |
11A92 |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
Zenit-2 |
| R-7A/Molniya |
8K78 |
R-7A |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
Molnia,
Mars/Venera, Prognoz, Zond 1-3 |
| R-7A/Molniya |
8K78-MV |
R-7A |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
Mars/Venera,
Prognoz, Zond |
| R-7A/Molniya |
8K78-2MV |
R-7A |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
Mars/Venera,
Prognoz, Zond |
| R-7A/Molniya |
8K78-E6 |
R-7A |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
OKB-1 |
Luna |
| R-7A/Molniya |
8K78M |
R-7A |
SL-6 |
A-2-e |
TsSKB |
Mars/Venera,
Prognoz, Zond 1-3 |
| R-7A/ |
8A92 |
R-7A |
SL-5 |
- |
OKB-1 |
IS |
| R-7A/Voskhod |
11A57 |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
OKB-1 |
Voskhod |
| R-7A/Voskhod |
11A59 |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
OKB-1 |
Zenit-2 |
| R-7A/Voskhod |
11A510 |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
OKB-1 |
Zenit-4 |
| R-7A/Soyuz |
11A511 |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
Soyuz |
| R-7A/Soyuz |
11A511M |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
Yantar |
| R-7A/Soyuz-U |
11A511-U |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
Soyuz-TM |
| R-7A/Soyuz-U2 |
11A511K |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
Resurs |
| R-7A/Soyuz-2 |
14A14 |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
commercial/military
satellites |
| R-7A/Yamal |
- |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
RKK
Energia |
Enterprise |
| R-7A/Avrora |
- |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
RKK
Energia |
commercial
satellites |
| R-7A/Onega |
- |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
RKK
Energia |
Kliper |
| R-7A/Soyuz-2-3 |
- |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
RKK
Energia |
Kliper, cargo containers |
| R-7A/Soyuz-3 |
- |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
RKK
Energia |
Kliper |
| R-7A/Soyuz-1 |
- |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB Progress |
commercial/military
satellites |
| R-12/Kosmos |
63S1 |
|
SL-7 |
B-1 |
OKB-586 |
DS |
| R-12/Kosmos |
8K63 |
R-12 |
SL-7 |
B,
B-1 |
OKB-586,
OKB-52 |
M-12
space plane (1963) |
| R-12/Kosmos |
11K62M |
R-12 |
SL-7 |
B-1 |
OKB-586 |
DS |
| R-12/Kosmos |
63S1M |
R-12 |
SL-7 |
B-1 |
OKB-586 |
DS |
| R-12/Kosmos-2 |
11K63 |
R-12 |
SL-7 |
B-1 |
OKB-586 |
DS |
| R-14/Kosmos-1 |
65S3 |
R-14 |
SL-8 |
C-1 |
OKB-586,
OKB-10 |
DS |
| R-14/Kosmos-3 |
8K65S3 |
R-14U |
SL-8 |
C-1 |
OKB-10 |
|
| R-14/Kosmos-3M |
8K65S5 |
R-14U |
SL-8 |
C-1 |
OKB-10 |
Tsikada, Strela |
| R-14/Kosmos-U |
11K65M |
R-14U |
SL-8 |
C-1 |
OKB-10 |
- |
| R-14/Vzlet |
11K65MU |
R-14U |
SL-8 |
C-1 |
OKB-10 |
- |
| R-16/Tsyklon-1 |
11K64 |
|
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
- |
| R-16-based |
64S2 |
|
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
Proposal |
| R-26-based |
66S4 |
R-26 |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
Proposal |
| OR-36-based |
8K69 |
OR-36 |
- |
F-1-m |
OKB-52 |
Orbital
warheads |
| R-36-based |
67S5 |
|
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
Proposal |
| R-36/Tsyklon-2A |
11K67 |
|
SL-11 |
F-1-m |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
IS
ASAT |
| R-36/Tsyklon-3
(Tsyklon-M) |
11K68
(8K67S5M) |
|
SL-14 |
F-2 |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
Meteor,
Okean |
| R-36/Tsyklon-2 |
11K69 |
|
SL-11 |
F-1-r |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
US
RORSAT |
| R-36/Tsyklon-4
(Mayak) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
Project |
| R-56/RK-100 |
8K68 |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
- |
| Rif-MA |
? |
R-39 |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
Air-launched
0.95-1.7 tons to LEO |
| Riksha |
? |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
- |
| RLA-120 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
A space station; military polar platform; geostationary platform |
| RLA-125
(Groza) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
- |
| RLA-130/130A (Grom) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
Lunar spacecraft; The MTKS-1 reusable transport |
| RLA-150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NPO
Energia |
Glushko's lunar base |
| Rockot |
15A35 |
|
- |
- |
KB
Salyut |
Radio-ROSTO,
Dumsat, Iridium, GRACE |
| Rossiyanka |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
Kliper |
| Rus-M |
- |
- |
- |
- |
TsSKB |
23 tons to LEO; PPTS spacecraft |
| Shtil-1N |
? |
R-29RM |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
125-510
kg to LEO |
| Shtil-2N |
? |
SS-N-33 |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
270
kg to LEO |
| Shtil-3A |
? |
R-29RM |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
Air-launched
220 kg |
| Shtil-3N |
? |
SS-N-33
(RSM-54) |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
Ground-launched |
| Sodruzhestvo |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKK Energia/KB Yuzhnoe |
First proposed in 1999, revived in 2012 |
| Soyuz
(see R-7A) |
11A511 |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
TsSKB |
Soyuz |
| Soyuz-5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
TsSKB |
Original concept of a methane rocket |
| Soyuz-5/Irtysh |
372RN18 |
- |
- |
- |
RKK Energia/RKTs Progress |
Originated from Sunkar concept |
| Soyuz-6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKTs Progess |
Light version of Soyuz-5 |
| Soyuz-7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
S7 |
Soyuz-5-based vehicle for Sea Launch |
| Soyuz-SPG (Amur-SPG) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKTs Progress |
Medium-size methane rocket |
| Space
Kliper |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
1989-1991
project |
| Start-1 |
- |
Topol |
- |
- |
MIT |
550
kg Zeya |
| Start |
- |
Topol |
- |
- |
MIT |
1 ton |
| Start-1M (IC) |
- |
Topol-M |
- |
- |
MIT |
700-kilograms to LEO SSO |
| STK |
- |
- |
- |
- |
TsSKB Progress |
Proposed circa 2013 for PTK NP |
| Strela |
15A35 |
|
- |
- |
NPO
Mash |
Kondor, Kondor-E |
| Sunkar (a.k.a Feniks or Soyuz-5) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Surf |
? |
SS-N-21 |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
2.4
tons to LEO |
| Tsyklon-2 |
11K69 |
|
SL-11 |
F-1-m |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
IS
ASAT |
| Tsyklon-3 |
11K69 |
|
SL-11 |
F-1-m |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
|
| Tsyklon-4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
|
| Tsyklon-4M |
- |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
|
| Ulugbek |
? |
- |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
|
| UR-200 |
8K81 |
UR-200 |
- |
- |
OKB-52 |
|
| UR-200-based |
8K81K |
UR-200K |
- |
- |
OKB-52 |
|
| UR-500K
Proton |
8K82K |
|
SL-12,
13 |
D-1 |
TsKBM |
Salyut,
Mir |
| UR-500K-L1,
L1P |
8K82K |
|
SL-12 |
D-1-e |
TsKBM |
L1 |
| UR-500KM |
8K82KM |
|
SL-12 |
D-1 |
KB
Salyut |
- |
| UR-500(?) |
11K88-YaRB |
|
|
|
|
RD-256-based Proton with a possible nuclear upper stage |
| UR-700 |
11K87 |
- |
|
|
OKB-52 |
LK-1 |
| UR-700 Nuclear (Variant "A") |
|
|
|
|
OKB-52 |
MK-700 |
| UR-700M |
|
|
|
|
OKB-52 |
MK-700 |
| UR-900 |
|
|
|
|
OKB-52 |
|
| UR-1000 |
|
|
|
|
OKB-52 |
|
| Viktoria |
|
|
|
|
KB
Mashinostroenia |
|
| Volna |
? |
R-29RL |
|
|
KB
Mashinostroenia |
Submarine-launched
120 kg to LEO |
| Voronezh (IC) |
|
|
|
|
3D R&D |
Privately funded since 2024 |
| Voskhod (see R-7A) |
11A57 |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
OKB-1 |
Voskhod |
| Vostok
(see R-7A) |
8K72V |
R-7A |
SL-3 |
A-1 |
OKB-1 |
|
| Vulkan (see RLA-150) |
|
|
|
|
NPO
Energia |
Lunar
excursion module (project) |
| Vysota |
? |
R-29D |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
115
kg to LEO |
| Vzlet
(see R-14) |
11K65MU |
R-14U |
SL-8 |
C-1 |
OKB-10 |
|
| YaKhR-2 |
- |
R-7 |
- |
- |
OKB-1 |
35-40-ton
payload |
| Yamal
(see R-7A) |
- |
R-7A |
SL-4 |
A-2 |
RKK
Energia |
Enterprise |
| Yenisei (Russian super-heavy rocket) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
RKK Energia/RKTs Progress |
Project approved for development in 2018 |
| Yenisei-5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
GKNPTs Khrunichev |
A mid-2010s proposal |
| Zenit light |
|
- |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
1970's
proposal of a light-weight launcher |
| Zenit heavy |
|
- |
- |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
1970's
proposal of a heavy-weight launcher |
| Zenit-2 |
11K77 |
- |
SL-16 |
J-1 |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
|
| Zenit-3SL |
11K77 |
- |
SL-16 |
- |
KB
Yuzhnoe |
|
| Zyb |
? |
R-21A |
- |
- |
KB
Mashinostroenia |
Sprint,
Meduza |
Launch vehicles developed with Russian and Ukrainian participation:
Antares
Firefly (INSIDER CONTENT)
KSLV-1
KSLV-2 (INSIDER CONTENT)
RFA-ONE (INSIDER CONTENT)
Vega
Upper stages, space tugs:
Block G of the N1 rocket
Block D
Block D2 (INSIDER CONTENT)
Block DM-03
Block Sr (INSIDER CONTENT)
Briz
Briz-L (INSIDER CONTENT)
Briz-M
Drakar MB stage (INSIDER CONTENT)
Dreadnought RB stage (INSIDER CONTENT)
Dvina
Fregat
KVTK
RTB upper stage for the Yenisei super-heavy rocket (INSIDER CONTENT)
NEW, April 22: Solar-powered space tug for the Russian Orbital Station (INSIDER CONTENT)
TEM nuclear-powered, ion-propelled space tug
Volga
Russian and Ukrainian rocket engines:
11D58MF (INSIDER CONTENT)
GIRD-09
NK-33
RD-0110
RD-0110R
RD-0120
RD-0124
NEW, Dec. 28: RD-0124MS (INSIDER CONTENT)
RD-0146
RD-0169 (INSIDER CONTENT)
RD-0210
RD-0212
RD-170
RD-170MV (INSIDER CONTENT)
RD-180MV (INSIDER CONTENT)
RD-181
RD-191
RD-193
RD-250
RD-253/275
RD-8 (INSIDER CONTENT)
RD-809K (INSIDER CONTENT)
RD-810
RD-815 (INSIDER CONTENT)
RD-861K
RD-862 (INSIDER CONTENT)
RD-870
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